High-efficiency & super low-cost seawater desalination technology

The JS-High Effective, High-Speed Fog & Steam Separation Seawater Desalination Technology developed by our company is the technological invention with self-owned independent intellectual property right (Patent No. ZL95 111670.3, Int’l patent classification No. C02F1/04, application date is June 26^th, 1995), the equipment is named JS high effective water treatment devices (briefly named as JS Devices). All devices could be produced domestically with 100% rate of domestic contents. The technology has won the gold prize of Edison International Invention Conference. By adopting new technology and equipment on sea water desalination, this technology has conquered the most difficult problems on sea water desalination including high energy consumption, high disposal cost, second pollution, and failure to realize environmental protection and control and reutilization of waste energy.

JS-High Effective, High-Speed Fog & Steam Separation Seawater Desalination Technology embodies the characteristics of harmonious industries, the all-around recirculation of heat and energy resource, and can reduce the cost to the lowest possible level. This technology shall make full use of waste energy and heat and completely change the seawater desalination industry into an industry with low cost, no pollution and high yields. The technology has realized zero discharge of pollutants, environmental protection, energy saving and low cost. It is the first seawater desalination technological innovation with low cost and zero discharge of pollutants, and thus practically provides the second stable fresh water resource for human beings. The invention of this new sea water desalination equipment is an effective way to solve the problem of the fresh water shortage and to implement the CDM of UN. It is also the best measure to relieve the greenhouse effect.

Feasibility Research Report

PART I   FRESH WATER SHORT SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

I. Fresh Water Resource

1)Global Water Resources

The water reserve in the Globe is huge in magnitude, but the amount of water that can be used directly by people for manufacturing and living is far from enough. The gross global water reserve approximately amounts to 1.38 billion cubic kilometers, of which 97.5% is sea water (1.345 billion cubic kilometers); fresh water only accounts for 2.5% (figure below). Polar glacier and ground water attributes to the most of fresh water reserve, of which only 0.01% can be used by human beings. During 1900s, the world witnessed the rapid population growth by twofold, but the amount of water used by people had increased by 500%. Many countries in the world are now faced with water shortage crisis: 1.2 billion persons are experiencing the situation of water shortage; 3 billion cannot afford to water sanitation services; approximate three to four million people die of water-related diseases. By the end of year 2025, water crisis will have spread over 48 countries and 3.5 billion people will suffer from water shortage. Deterioration of Ecosystem and diversity of biology will seriously threat the survival of human beings.

According to latest information from UN:

1.3 billion: about 1.3 billion people cannot get clean drinkable water each year, 3.1 million die of diseases related to unclean water.

4.1 million: 4.1 million European people suffer from drinking water shortage; 8.5 million have no way to access to basic drainage, sewage treatment and water sanitation. And the number amounts to 2.6 billion in the world.

6 kilometers: Women in developing countries have to walk about 6 kilometers far from their residence to get water. 70%: In 2030, food demand in the world will increased by 55%; fresh water used for agricultural irrigation will account for 70% of the amount total consumed; water supply will be far less than demand.

500 billion: about 500 billion cubic meters of waste water are discharged into rivers, lakes and seas, and this in turn pollutes more than 3.55 billion cubic meters of other water sources.

The 21^st century is the century of water crisis. In the early 1900s, the world was the opinion that people would strive for coal in 1800s, fight for petroleum in 1900s and struggle for water in 2000s.

2. Water Resources in China

The gross amount of fresh water reserve in China takes the sixth place in the world, but per capita rating decreases to 109 in the world. Now in China, 300 cities are lack of water supply, and 110 cities of which are severely short. Most of the cities are located in North China, Northeast, Northwest of China and coastal regions. Water has become bottleneck for economic growth.  According to statistics, the gross amount of water shortage is estimated to be 40 billion cubic meters; the area suffering from drought each year is about 2 million to 2.6 million square kilometers, causing reduction of grain production about 15 billion to 20 billion kilograms, and decrease in industrial production value by 200 billion RMB more. Fresh water is not available to more than 7 billion people. Water shortage has serious negative impact on both environment and people’s health. In terms of population and water distribution, there is a great difference between North and South China. The population in Yangtze River drainage area and areas south to it accounts for 54% of the total in China, but water resources in these areas is 81% of total water. In contrast, population in Northern China is about 46%, water reserve only 19%. Experts point out that water reserve in Northern China is reducing rapidly and Southern China is on the up trend, due to negative effect caused by human activities. The trend was very obvious in the last 20 years. This further deteriorates the situation of water shortage in North of China and imbalance between North and South. The seasonal distribution of water in China is extreme uneven due to continental monsoon climate.

Some regions improperly dispose waste water, discharging waste water directly into natural rivers and lakes. This has seriously polluted water there, influenced utility of water and further aggregated serious condition of water shortage.

Ⅱ. Environmental Pollution

With rapid growth of world population and industry, environment deterioration has become one of the most serious problems faced by the world. The deteriorating ecological system is now pushing global environment to the dangerous situation; without changing it the global environment and economy will inevitably experience the tragedy of catastrophe. World economic growth must not be at the price of environmental destroy, instead, the negative external effect caused by human economic activities should be reduced to a minimum level, and accordingly, add to total social benefits. Only in this way can we realize sustainable economic development, maintain environment-friendly economy and increase the quality of economic growth. Tokyo Protocol, with the aim to reduce greenhouse gas emission, came into effect on February 16^th, 2005, which means that the world is attaching great importance to global environmental crisis.

Pollution includes atmosphere pollution and water pollution etc. Pollution sources mainly include waste smoke, gas, water, residue and noises discharged from factories, workshops, vehicles.

Environmental pollution control must be economically and technically feasible. That is, environmental control should meet the requirement of low cost and high efficiency, otherwise, the control is not complete.

In conclusion, regional short supply of fresh water and environmental pollution are problems that need to be resolved immediately. Sea water desalination can to some extent alleviate the problem of fresh water short supply. Nowadays, the most commonly used desalination methods are reverse osmosis and distillation. But both methods have invincible difficulties of high production cost and secondary pollution on sea environment caused by concentrated seawater from manufacturing process discharged directly into the sea. Emission of waste gas from industrial production process pollutes environment. It forces us to spend a huge amount of money to control and cure pollution.

However, it will be a hear-stirring, amazing and beneficial thing if we can take advantage of the waste gas, steam, waste energy to produce desalinized fresh water, purify and clean air, and make high-concentrated seawater crystals as well. china overseas construction engineering group can turn this imagination into reality by applying its innovative technology--Seawater Desalination Technology of JS High Effective，High Speed Fog & Steam Separation and its device-water treatment device.

PART II TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION -- SIMULTANEITY OF FRESH WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROCTION AND CONTROL

I. Common Sea Water Desalination Technologies and Their Shortages

Presently, the conventional methods for sea water desalination mainly include multistage flash, multi-effective distillation and reverse osmosis of which the last one is of less investment, more convenient operation and shorter construction period. At the beginning of 1980s, the reverse osmosis sea water desalination equipment which takes solar cells as power resource began to be adopted around the world. At present, the application of sea water reverse osmosis desalination technology has become more and more popular among the world. Low temperature multi-effective distillation is also a sort of new technologies developed in 1980s. The technology has the characteristics of low requirement on the pre-disposal of raw seawater, less power consumption, and high quality fresh water, so, since its launch, this technology has been very popular among the world. It was one of the most popular technologies in the world. However, there’re still two difficult problems needed to be solved during the process of adopting the technologies listed above. Firstly, the production cost of sea water desalination is high, about RMB6 to RMB10 for each ton of fresh water; Secondly, after desalination, lots of concentrated salt water (salt concentration ratio as high as 4.5% to 6%) shall be discharged back to the sea, which shall directly increase the salt content of parts of sea area, and thus destroys the ecological balance of sea area; Thirdly, technically, neither can these technologies make use of the waste energy from other factories during their production process, nor can they effectively reduce the emission of greenhouse gas, toxic gas and dust, therefore, they cannot achieve environmental protection and the reutilization of waste energy.

II Our Technology Can Solve the Problem of Fresh Water Shortage and Protect Environment

The JS-High Effective, High-Speed Fog & Steam Separation Seawater Desalination Technology developed by our company is the technological invention with self-owned independent intellectual property right (Patent No. ZL95 111670.3, Int’l patent classification No. C02F1/04, application date is June 26^th, 1995), the equipment is named JS high effective water treatment devices (briefly named as JS Devices). All devices could be produced domestically with 100% rate of domestic contents. The technology has won the gold prize of Edison International Invention Conference. By adopting new technology and equipment on sea water desalination, this technology has conquered the most difficult problems on sea water desalination including high energy consumption, high disposal cost, second pollution, and failure to realize environmental protection and control and reutilization of waste energy.

JS high-effective water treatment devices don’t consume regular energy resources. They can collect solar power and transform it into electricity. They can also make full use of the waste heat and energy (chimney heat and waste gas) from other factories to continuously compensate the energy loss, by application of multistage isothermal super-conduct radiation β technology, so as to keep the stable and continuous running of the equipment. This has greatly improved efficiency, effectively reduced energy consumption, guaranteed the quality and amount of fresh water output and realized zero-discharge of pollutants and pollution control.

1. Fresh Water Production and Comprehensive Utilization of the Chemical Resource in Sea Water

1) High Quality Fresh Water- H₂O

Extensively used for sea water desalination, sewage purification and water purification; can solve the problem of fresh water shortage, provide fresh water for coastal cities, islands and ships for residential and industrial use.

2) Nacl (sea salt crystals)

Besides being as a indispensable nutriment for the metabolism of human beings. It is also the Mother of Chemical Industy. The industrial experience of developed countries proves that the more developed the economy is, the more the demand there is for salt.

3) Over-Saturation Concentrated Sea Water

During the process of solving the problem of the fresh water shortage along coastal cities through the utilization of sea water, we could develop the comprehensive utilization of the chemical resource among sea water, by extracting scarce chemical materials in China. The chemical resources contained in sea water mainly include: Mg, S, K, Br, D₂O,Li and U. According to reliable information: sea water is the Nuclear Storehouse for human being and the natural treasure-house with inexhaustible Mg and Br. Sea water reserves abundant chemical resources, among the 109 chemical elements that have been discovered so far on earth, over 80 elements can be found in sea water. Sea salt, Br, sylvite and Magnesium are the four main elements. They’re foundamental chemical materials for the development of national economy of all countries around the world and also important strategic materials in 21st century.

2. Energy Saving, Environmental Control and Protection

For the purpose of environmental protection, we’ll adopt comprehensive utilization mode, completely realize zero-discharge, effectively use the waste gas and heat, and transform the wasted materials into treasures by adopting super-conduct radiation β energy transformation technology.

As for the purification of sewage, this technology could be used for such industries as chemical, printing, food, pharmacy, agricultural medicine, fertilizer, metallurgy and paper making. It is more effective when used for highly concentrated sewage treatment.

During the process of sea water desalination, we could make use of the chemical resources in the concentrated over-saturation seawater and avoid direct discharge it into sea, so as to eliminate the pollution of ocean. The institutes of oceanology can further deal with the concentrated seawater, which has very high value for scientific research. Comprehensive utilization is a typical enterprising business on the desalination of sea water.

We could reduce the drainage down to zero. The demand of scientific innovation and harmonious society decide that we must promote the development of all industries. According to the law of conservation of mass, the principle of energy conversion and the characteristics of trimorphism transformation, mass is separated and collected based on demands, to reach environmental protection and harmonious production system. Zero discharge could be adopted extensively; it can promote and strengthen the harmonious conditions of all industries.

We’re carrying out the environmental protection business on the comprehensive control of waste gas emission from chimneyes in accordance with the Clean Development Mechanism of UN,  to ensure gas to reach standard prior to emission. Grasping the trimorphism features of water through the transformation of multiple energies, complying with the newest physical orders separation technologies, we could separate resolvent and solute from the sea water by our patent equipment.

To sum up, JS-High Effective, High-Speed Fog & Steam Separation Seawater Desalination Technology embodies the characteristics of harmonious industries, the all-around recirculation of heat and energy resource, and can reduce the cost to the lowest possible level. This technology shall make full use of waste energy and heat and completely change the seawater desalination industry into an industry with low cost, no pollution and high yields. The technology has realized zero discharge of pollutants, environmental protection, energy saving and low cost. It is the first seawater desalination technological innovation with low cost and zero discharge of pollutants, and thus practically provides the second stable fresh water resource for human beings. The invention of this new sea water desalination equipment is an effective way to solve the problem of the fresh water shortage and to implement the CDM of UN. It is also the best measure to relieve the greenhouse effect.

PART Ⅲ CHARACTERISTICS OF TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICE

As we all know, all the physics and chemistry processes shall follow the energy conservation law, the key is how to operate with minimum energy repeatedly in high speed. The device made with this patent craft collected the energy of nature(solar energy, radialization wave, wind, water energy, etc.), it makes full use of the waste heat and energy(flue heat gas, waste steam,etc.) to continuously complement the lost energy to keep the normal running of the device hour after hour. The technology is practical and innovative, it transferred solar energy to multi high efficient and high speed exchange energy(heat, electricity, etc.), the energy is obtained from the nature, the maintainence fee is little while the proceeds are extreamly high.

1. It adopts multilevel equal temperature superconduct, radiation high β technology, negtive pressure high β separation in the air(1×10⁶) quantitative production technology with high efficiency and low energy consumption, which can dispose continuouly and discharge wastes automatically. The device adopts superconduct radiation and high βtechnoolgy, which simplized the device structure greatly, reduced the cost enormously. At present, there is no such information in domestic and overseas market. Heat source direct touch high efficient superconduct and high β energy transfromation has deposed the old technology and created new tehcnology. It can guarantee production both in quality and quantity.

2. Relying on interdisciplinary subjects principles, the technology shall be flexibly applied on the devices, to realize the significant headway with high efficiency, low energy consumption and extensive application range. The device can be the updating device with condensed crafts of various fields.    

3.It adopts new and high-tech physical separation method, and thus there is no chemical, no material consumption and no second time pollution. It is a necessary devive with clean production technology which has realized the zero discharge of pollutant disposal. 

4.It makes full use of the characteristics of high efficiency and security the liquid, which can not only solve the pollution problem of sewage with high consistency, but also make waste profitable. The economic benefit is considerable.  

5. There is no pipe jam phenomenon. They need not to be maintained by production halts, and their usable life is long.

6. It can not only used for water supply and purification, but also used for wasted water cleanse, as well as the seawater desalination.

7. The operation is simple, the operating expenses are low, which is easy to popularize and use. Its social benefit is prominent.

As the science and technology content of each components of devices are high, some information will be deferred listed. Hope readers can understand this.

PART IV COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CASES

ⅠCase 1

Xinmin Evening Paper March 24th, 2006, Friday Xinmin Global Exhibition 19AI

The household water consumption data in developed countries, the UNESCO supplied a daily household water consumption data in developed countries: Shower of five minutes, 100 L, lavatory: 16L, laundry: 30 L, dishware washing: 27L, grass irrigation: 18 L, cleaning and cooking: 15 L, Others: 10 L, total: 216 L.

Xinmin Evening Paper March 24th, 2007, Saturday, Nanjing city is planning to adopt water consumption ration. Each person can only use 210 L water per day.

Design Basis: Oman, The United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Syria, Middle East and bay districts are all short of fresh water.

There are 2,300,000 people in a certain country of the middle east, the water ration amount of each person in each day shall be calculated by 216 L.

Fresh water supply: 2,300,000 p×0.216 t/d p= 496,800 t/d

Assume: Calculating by 500,000 t/d, the index increased by 0.00644, there are 3,200 t/d of reserve.

1.        The Seawater Device Project Investment shall be calculated based on P38 of Asian Water Supply and Drainage Publication issued in October of 2003. 

10,000 t/d Five Kinds of Seawater Desalination Device Project

Investment Survey

Seawater desalination method	Reverse Osmos is SWRO	Low temperature multi-effective distill LT-MED	Multistage flash distillation MSF	Vapor pressure distillation MVC	Fog steam separation of JS high efficiency and high speed	Design Survey Calculation
Total required capacity （kw）	2300	840	1666	3400	514
Total occupied area（㎡）	1600	3800	4300	2400	1390
CFI price （10,000 Yuan）	7748.6	9116	10939.3	11850.8	7000
Assistant equipment cost（10,000 Yuan）	1430	960	960	870	600
Land construction project expenses（10,000 Yuan）	520	800	875	480	450
Installation commission cost（10,000 Yuan）	774.9	911.6	1093.9	1185.1	750
Custom and added value tax （10,000 Yuan）	4037	3682.9	4419.4	4787.4	3600
Reserve expenses （10,000 Yuan）	650	729.3	875.1	670	620
Total project investment （10,000 Yuan）	15160.5	16199.8	19162.6	19843.6	14924
Investment Contrast (10,000 Yuan/t/d）	1.52	1.62	1.92	1.98	1.49
Project Investment Conclusion	Low	Lower	MSF	A bit high	Lowest

﹡Price in the form takes Renminbi as Unit

The capacity of 500,000 t/d required 50 sets JS devices.

1）CFI price of JS device：50 set×70,000,000 RMB /set =3.5 billion RMB

Total investment of the project: 50 set×149,240,000/set=7,462 million RMB

2）Based on 100,000 t/d seawater desalination survey in Tianjin Guotou Beijiang Power Plant

Seawater Desalination Project Device Purchase Expenses: 50/10×119 million USD×7.6=5×904.4 million RMB=4,522 million RMB

2. Low Temperature, Multi effective distilled LT-MED

Device CFI price 50 sets×911.6 million RMB/set=4.558 billion RMB

Total investment of 500,000 t/d seawater desalination project: 50 sets×162 million RMB/set=8,100 million RMB

Conclusions：

1）LT-JS Device CFI price difference：45.58-35=1.058 billion RMB

Total investment difference of LT-JS project：81-74.62=638 million RMB

PS:  Project investment price shall be adjusted to changes in foreign exchange rate and the prices of raw materials.

2）We can compare the project of five Tianjin Guotou Beijiang Power Plants, with seawater desalination plant with production scale of the 100,000 t/d.

3）Power supply by Party A: total required power of devices: 514KW/set×50set =25700KW[PS：LT-MED device total reqired power 840×50=42,000KW]

Land Supply by Partu A: total occupied area: 1390×50 =69,500㎡[PS：LT-MED total occupied area：3800×50=190,000㎡]

PS: difference in electricity expense for devices: （42,000KW-25,700KW）×24^h=16,300×24=391,200 KWH/d=391,200 KWH/d

Design: It is reasonable that the five desalination plants be distributed and constructed in different areas:

Autoptical analysis→ design and argumentation →spare parts device construction → completion and check→ investment and operation→ zero discharge and profit distribution

Information：

There are 4 million people in Irasel, after 330000 tons of seawater dealination project putted into production, it can entirely guarantee the drinking water supply of whole Israeli.

Calculation：330,000 t÷4,000,000=0.0825T/d=82.5kg/d

Ⅱ Case 2

It shall be designed by the daily water consumption amount per capita of the Israeli.

A country in Middle East District: 2,300,000 p×0.0825T/_d=189,750 t/_d.Taking 200,000 t/_d as example, then the daily reserve water amount is 10,250 t/_d.

PART V INTRODUCTION TO DEVICES AND PRODUCTION PROCESS

We carry out comprehensive water treatment and scientific research on Anqiang 36 sea craft and we can realize zero discharge.

1. There are two sets of 24kw （380V/220V）、50Hz dynamotor groups in the boat fore-cabin, and can be operational with just one set or both sets; we can also use the super-conduct, high β energy transformation techniques and waste heat can be used for heating or devices production. The pipes of the old wind turbine in the boat cabin are used for equipment and power of wind turbine is 4kw, its practical power is 3.2kw.

2. Device No. 1: Heat from waste gas can be used for device through  super-conduct radiation and high β energy multiple heat transformation. Under the negative pressure air condition, the steam, fog and seawater are separated, which is high β, 1×10⁶ times, and thus quantitative production of fresh water can be realized. The checking boil away rate can reach 60% to 80% (the sea water content, 3.5% hours 3.5/96.5=3.5/(96.5-77.2)=3.5/19.3, 3.5/(19.3+3.5)=3.5/22.8=15.35% etc.).This device can adjust the inner loop system, and separate fog, steam from seawater for many times. Based on the hydrodynamic theory, with inflow of seawater, we can produce the fresh water and high saturation seawater with given concentration level. There is one 125w circulating pump in device No. one.

3. Device No. 2: It is the first sample machine, which is of parallel connection to the circulating pump in device 1 to make it possible to separate steam and fog. The concentrated seawater flows back to device 1e, and fresh water flows into containers. The power for negative pressure device is 2kw.

4. Device No. 3: Flue burner. The super-conduct, radiation high β multiple heat transformation conduct fog and steam separation in negative pressure conditions. Device No. 3 can run without any external power. The hot water desalination loop is parallel connected with device No. 4, and the fresh water flows into containers.

5. Device No.4 is used to simulate the flue burner. Pump is 125w. We adopt high technologies and use the 100w burner temporarily to replace the hot gas as the waste heat energy. The newest multiple heat transformation system should carry out fog and steam separation in negative pressure conditions according to orders.

6. Device No. 5: crystal, super-saturation and concentration seawater equipments （1.5KW+125W）

Output: (1) raw sea salt, (2) super-saturation and concentrated sea water.

7. Fresh water cooling system pump with power of 0.5KW.

8. Purified fresh water

9. After multiple stages of heat exchange, discharged gas then can reach the international standards at the last stage, which is the one of best methods to reduce the greenhouse gas emission.

Conclusions:

1 The scientific research of sea water desalination and zero discharge proves that scientific theories are in accordance with the fact, and the super-conduct high β energy saving technique has reached the planned result; The speed of heating and conduction is fast and stable, with the special characters of multilevel super-conduct and constant temperature, which is a pioneering innovation. This technique can deal with gas, smoke pollution (heat, smoke and dust so on). It can reach the original planned requirements of energy saving, low energy consumption, without smoke and dust and lower than O₄ discharging standards.

2 Zero discharge of Seawater desalination: ①solves the problem of fresh water shortage；②gets the crystal sea salt; ③distills rare materials from super-saturation concentrated seawater（uranium, heavy water, etc.）.

3 By practices, we have achieved domestic production of devices with materials totally from China. We can ensure materials are seawater-proof and anti-erosive. We can greatly reduce cost by using materials produced domestically. And this is really a great improvement.

4 The techniques of sea water desalination, zero discharge, high quality and quantitative production have already realized the objective of domestic production with materials totally produced in China.

This project can be used for many industries, and it is the necessary technical equipment to strengthen harmonization between human and nature; in combination with mechanism, electricity, gas and liquid, it is the mother of devices to achieve environment-friendly and zero discharge.

PART VI  SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH STRENGTH

There is highly advanced computer data processing system under the management of scientific research department in our company. Prof. Xing Jinshu has got the reward of international gold Prize of Outstanding Chinese Son. There are high quality, high efficiency technical workers, and adequate quality control system. We comply with the principles of Keeping Improvement, and Pursuing Perfection in terms of techniques, volume of equipment, energy consumption, operation cost and even the appearance of devices.

This project shall be operated under market principles and government supervision.